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Zooxanthellae… What’s That?

Most reef-building corals contain photosynthetic algae, called zooxanthellae, that live in their tissues. The corals and algae have a mutualistic relationship. The coral provides the algae with a protected environment and compounds they need for photosynthesis. In return, the algae produce oxygen and help the coral to remove wastes. Most importantly, zooxanthellae supply the coral […]

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Learn About Sponges

symbiosesSponges form symbiotic relationships with various organisms, including mutualisms with photosynthetic bacteria/plant cells, and swimming scallops and crabs, and parasitisms on mollusc shells. NOTE “symbiosis” is a general term used in North America for any two organisms living together. There are several categories of symbiosis described in the scientific literature, but the one most commonly […]

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Contrasting evolutionary patterns in two sister genera of macrofungi: Lactarius and Lactifluus

Introduction Russulaceae is one of the largest families of ectomycorrhizal fungi that plays a dominant role in many vegetations worldwide. The core of this family consists of two genera, Lactarius and Russula, both described from Europe two centuries ago as clearly recognizable agaricoid genera. However, recent research (Buyck et al., 2008) demonstrated that the traditional classification of Russulaceae […]

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An overview of Cistus ectomycorrhizal fungi

Abstract The genus Cistus comprises a group of about 20 shrub species found in wide areas throughout the wholeMediterranean region to the Caucasus. Being one of the main constituents of the Mediterranean-type maquis, thisplant genus is peculiar in that it has developed a range of specific adaptations to resist summer drought and frequentdisturbance events, such […]

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