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Humic acid and fulvic acid, also commonly referred to as “black gold of agriculture”, as they are a major component of organic matter and play an important role in soil fertility and plant nutrition. Plants grown on soil with adequate humate acid and fulvic acid face less stress and grow healthier and produce higher yield. Moreover foods grown on soil rich in humic/fulvic acid produce superior quality food and feeds.

There has been much hype about N P K fertilizers in agricultural communities from the time it is discovered that they stimulate plant growth. Prolonged use of these acidic fertilisers in the absence of adequate humic substance in the soil can result in serious sustainablility problems. Scientist and farmers are realising the need to reconsider their approach towards the use of fertilisation techniques that will place more priority on soil humus. The sense of urgency today in emphasising the importance of humic substances and their value as a fertilizer ingredient was never been seen before. Increasingly soil scientist and agronomist are recognising the importance of humic substance in healthy and fertile soil.

Humus is a brown to black complex variable of carbon containing compounds. Humic substances are component of humus and are high molecular weight compounds. They give the soil the structure, porosity, anion exchange, water holding capacity and cation. They also play an active role in chelation of mineral elements. Naturally occurring humic acid (HAs) readily forms a salt with inorganic trace mineral elements. There are over 60 different mineral elements bond to humic acid in a form that can be readily utilised by various living organisms. This helps humic acid function as an important ion exchange and chelating system. Uptake of major plant nutrients that is N, P and K is mediated by humic substances. Studies have shown that adequate presence of humic substance results in reduced requirement for N, P and K fertilizers.

Fulvic acids on the other hand are relatively smaller than humic acid and are mixture of weak aliphatic and aromatic organic acids readily soluble in water. Fulvates acids have twice oxygen content of humic acids and hence they are more chemically reactive. Because of the relatively smaller size of fulvic they can readily enter plant root, stem and leaves. This enables them to carry and transport trace minerals to plant tissues.

Humic substances commonly occur within soil water and compost etc. Most of the soil and water contains some humic substance. Over past several years, the concentration of humic substance in agricultural soil has reached low levels.

Solution: Purchasing fulvic acid and humic acid will never supply even a small percentage of the amount required so are a waste of money. They are also extremely expensive and often sold by snake oil salesman. Humic substance forms naturally if soil is managed properly by adopting certain production practices such as crop rotation, use of a balanced fertilisation program, growing legumes, using green manures, increased use of compost application (contains 60% humic acid and 20% fulvic acid (by dry weight), minimum tillage practice, etc are the only real honest ways to increase these important compounds in the soil. 

Global population is anticipated to grow to reach over 9 billion by 2050. This means the agricultural production needs to increase by 70% at least to meets its growing food demands to feed the entire population. There is a limit to agricultural land and de-forestation is no more a viable option while excess use of fertilisers and pesticides have heavily polluted the land and gave rise to serious sociological and ecological problems. It is imperative that farmers now harness the power of sustainable agriculture for the sake of ecology, instead of only focusing on economic viability of the crop.

 

Sustainable agriculture is the way forward and offers farmers the way to transform their farms into giant recycling centres. It enables farmers to turn crop waste and animal manure into fertilisers. It not only does save them money but it also helps them conserve natural resources. Sustainable production also reduces the requirement for chemical and pesticides use, making the transition to organic and clean farming process much smoother and feasible.  We list down few things that you can easily do on your farm to turn your farming into sustainable one.

 

Crop Rotation

It is one of the oldest and the simplest of all the methods to maintain the health of the soil. Crop rotation has a logical order and if followed properly, crop grown today will help replenish the nutrients that got depleted from the soil by previous crops. For example like planting grains after legumes or row crops after grains or planting barley after wheat to maintain the soil fertility while reducing soil erosion and weather damage. Besides maintaining soil fertility, crop rotation prevents transmission of disease and pest.

 

Crop Diversity

Crop diversity helps farmer protect their crop against pest and disease. Crop diversity can also be done by planting crop variation of the same species. Variations are good to ensure genetic diversity making crops stronger in return. Unfortunately crop diversity is on decline for past few decades.

 

Cover Crop

This is another natural way to fight insect while at the same time enhancing soil quality, fertility and water conservation. Many cover crops have no direct economic value. They are planted around edible crops. Clover is one such example of cover crop which protects soils during winter, filters water and suppresses weeds. Cover crops are also good way to replenish organic matter and promote good soil microorganisms.

 

Integrated Pest Management

This implies the use of various techniques to create an effective pest control system. The first step in the process involves identification of pest, since not pest all needs to be eliminated. Many pest don’t cause major damage and so it’s not a very clever idea to start a full fledge war against them. Leaving them would make better financial sense. Pests can also be prevented using pest resistant crops, crop rotation and using beneficial insects. IPM also makes use of specialised chemicals to fight insects and pests that targeted towards specific pests and not the beneficial insects or wildlife.

 

Soil Fertility

Some of the techniques farmers can employ to improve soil health includes soil tillage. In this practice farmers plough their fields and turn them to aid airing of the soil. Farmers can also leave some crop residue on the ground before they till to enhance the richness of the soil. One of the natural ways in which many farmers around the world are increasing their soil fertility is by adding organic matter such as manure or cover crops.

 

If you want to learn more about sustainable agriculture why not take our world renowned Certificate in Sustaianble Agriculture Course. Once completeing the course you get a certificate to place on your wall.

Need a quick 10 minute full body workout give this a try. Thanks Lisa for making this for BioStim readers.

Michael Pollan (famous for The Omnivore’s Dilemma book) takes us on a exploration of the human relationship with the plant world, seen from the plants’ point of view.

John Mackey the CEO of Whole Foods. “I think the critics of capitalism have got it in this very small box – that it’s all about money, And yet, I haven’t found it be that way. I’ve known hundreds of entrepreneurs and with very few exceptions most of them did not start their businesses primarily to make money.”

Businesses are at their best when reaching for a higher purpose that ranges far beyond any simplistic notions of the profit motive or self-interest. There are organic businesses in Australia that don’t have a higher purpose they just won’t the scam and profit from consumers to make a quick buck. We need to look at the higher purpose instead on how to make money.

I don’t know how many end of the world days I have gone through but another is coming on the 21st of December. It looks like they have got the dates wrong and it really won’t end as the Mayan’s reference dates after the 21st. I guess some people like to be alarmists. It is a bit concerning when these alarmists don’t check the facts and some people become distort. The same happens with climate change, agriculture, health alarmists.

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-11-04/doomsday-pediction-for-xmas/4351808

Some good points especially the forcing of spraying DDT on private property for the “public good” that Rachel Carson brought up. Some things haven’t worked though eg. we shouldn’t force other countries to adopt our regulations as we have no idea of all their circumstances. Precautionary principle can be dangerous with unintended consequences especially in 3rd world economies. 

The fertiliser company pled guilty to “illegally applying insecticides to its wild bird food products that are toxic to birds, falsifying pesticide registration documents, distributing pesticides with misleading and unapproved labels and distributing unregistered pesticides” in February 2012.

The insecticides added to Scotts wild bird food products were Actellic 5E and Storcide II, but these were prohibited by the EPA.

Putting this chemical in the food was to keep microbes from eating the food before the birds could.

The latest trials conducted by Wageningen University and Lancaster have shown the beneficial relationship between clover and grass often leads to a richer harvest.

It is hardly ground breaking news but they showed that clover plants and grasses transport carbon into the ground more quickly and produce increases biomass if both plant species grow close to each other rather than surrounded by plants of the same species.

Also, when the crops grow together the researchers also found higher levels of both carbon and nitrogen, which is the main food source. The findings which were published in PlosONE show that mixed cropping, in nitrogen-fixing plants and their neighbours results in an improvement in weight and quality for the plants involved.

Clover species live collectively with root inhabiting bacteria that remove nitrogen from the air and make it available to the plants. Non-nitrogen-fixing neighbouring plants benefit as well because nitrogen in clover is released into the soil due via the roots. This relatinoship has been known about for a long time but the question researchers wanted to know, was whether it was reciprocated.

The researcher therefore discovered that there was mutuality benefit between plants fix nitrogen and those that do not. This results in these particular plant species producing a higher yield of mixed crops in comparison to plants from monocultures. Additionally, the plant communities lost less carbon through plant and soil respiration if they were composed of plant species mixtures both compared to when the plant species were cultivated in a monoculture.

The research showed that White Clover in particular rapidly transported the carbon it has absorbed during the day to underground plant parts- but only if it grew in the surrounding of different species. If this was the case then transport was three times quicker and surrounding plants can absorb it faster.

Sources:
Increased plant carbon translocation linked to over-yielding in grassland species mixtures. by Gerlinde De Deyn, Helen Quirk, Simon Oakley, Richard Bardgett & Nick Ostle. PlosONE 25 September 2012.

One of the best interviews where Milton Friedman’s ideas are really questioned.