| Icon | Fallacy | Description |
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Misrepresenting someone’s argument by exaggerating or distorting it, then attacking that weaker version instead of the original claim. Read More… |
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Assuming that because two events occur together or in sequence, one must have caused the other. Read More… |
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Attempting to persuade by triggering emotion instead of presenting logical evidence. Read More… |
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Believing a claim is false just because the argument supporting it contains a logical error. Read More… |
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Arguing that allowing one action will inevitably trigger a chain of extreme and undesirable consequences—without providing evidence that such escalation will actually occur. Read More… |
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Attacking a person’s character or personal traits instead of addressing their argument. This logical fallacy shifts attention away from the issue and attempts to discredit the speaker rather than the claim. Read More… |
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Avoiding criticism by accusing the critic of doing the same thing instead of addressing the argument itself. This fallacy shifts attention from the issue to the opponent’s hypocrisy. Read More… |
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A thinking error where people reject ideas like evolution or quantum physics simply because they seem hard to understand. Learn simple examples and how to avoid this logical fallacy. Read More… |
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A logical fallacy that occurs when someone changes the rules, adds new conditions, or creates exceptions after their claim is challenged, just to protect their original belief instead of accepting the evidence. Read More… |
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A loaded question is a tricky question that contains a hidden assumption, forcing someone to answer in a way that may make them appear guilty even if they did nothing wrong. Read More… |
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The person making a claim must provide evidence to support it, not expect others to disprove it—because belief should always follow proof, not assumptions. Read More… |
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Ambiguity is when a sentence has more than one meaning, often causing confusion or misunderstanding. It’s common in everyday language and can sometimes mislead. Read More… |
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The Gambler’s Fallacy is the false belief that past results affect future outcomes in random events. Each event is independent. Read More…
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The bandwagon fallacy happens when people believe something is true just because many others do. It’s driven by popularity, not facts, and can lead to poor decisions. Thinking independently helps avoid this trap. Read More… |
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The appeal to authority fallacy is when a claim is accepted as true just because an expert says it, without checking the evidence. Real understanding comes from proof, not titles. Read More… |
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The composition/division fallacy is the mistake of assuming what’s true for parts is true for the whole, or vice versa. Read More… |
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The No True Scotsman Fallacy is when someone rejects a counterexample by redefining what “true” means to protect their claim. Read More… |
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The genetic fallacy is judging an idea by its source, not its truth or evidence.It often leads to biased thinking and poor decisions. Read More… |
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Black-or-white fallacy presents only two choices while ignoring other possibilities, leading to oversimplified thinking and poor decisions. Read More… |
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Begging the question fallacy is a circular argument where the conclusion is used as its own proof, offering no real evidence or support. Read More… |
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The Appeal to Nature Fallacy is the mistake of assuming something is good just because it’s natural or bad because it’s artificial—when in reality, only evidence determines value. Read More… |
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Anecdotal Fallacy is when people believe things are getting worse based on personal stories or nostalgia instead of real data. It relies on selective memories, not evidence. Read more… |
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The Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy is when random data is cherry-picked to create a false pattern, making it look meaningful when it’s not. Read More… |
How wonderful to find these on a commercial site. You’ve made my day.